陇南核桃病虫害无公害综合防治策略

针对陇南核桃栽培中病虫害发生问题进行分析论述,提出无公害综合防治策略,对陇南生态环境保护及绿色无公害核桃生产有一定指导意义。     

不同比例缓释肥、烟草专用复合肥配施对植烟土壤肥力及烤烟产质量的影响

为探究不同比例缓释肥、烟草专用复合肥配施对植烟土壤肥力及烤烟产质量的影响,在宣威市热水镇植烟区设置了5种不同肥料配比组合和对照,对植烟土壤及烤后烟叶进行取样分析。结果表明：不同比例缓释肥配施烟草专用复合肥使土壤综合肥力指数(IFI)相较于CK（单施烟草专用复合肥）提高了12.50%~23.21%,以60%~100%缓释肥等比替代复合肥(T3、T4、T5)表现最优。从烤烟综合品质来看,不同比例缓释肥替代烟草专用复合肥使烤烟综合品质平均得分相较于CK提高了0.19%~6.64%,其中以80%缓释肥替代复合肥处理(T4)表现最优。烤后烟叶经济效益也以T4最优,公顷产值达到59995.80元,高于对照和其他处理。综上所述,缓释肥和复合肥比例为80%:20%,能较好的提高烟叶综合品质,烤后烟叶能获得较好的经济效益,并在一定程度上改善土壤养分结构。     

Performance of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in non-puddled transplanted rainy season rice and its residual effect on growth of the succeeding crop in rice-wheat cropping pattern

Abstract

A study was carried out in sandy clay loam textured soil of Mymensingh, Bangladesh to evaluate weed control efficiency of pre-emergence herbicide pyrazosulfuron-ethyl either alone or in sequential application with post-emergence herbicide in transplanted rainy season rice under non-puddled strip-tilled (NPST) field condition and also to examine the residual effect of those herbicides on germination and growth of the subsequently grown wheat crop. Five treatment combinations of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl were tested against one weedy check and one weed-free check. The study revealed that NPST rice field was mostly infested by grass and sedge weeds and herbicide treatments offered a wide range of control (above 50% to 95%) on all types of weeds. Application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl followed by (fb) orthosulfamuron fb butachlor plus propanil provided the most effective and economic weed control over two years of the study. Moreover, micro-plot bioassay study claimed germination and growth of subsequently grown wheat were not adversely affected by herbicides that were applied in rice. Therefore, application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl followed by post-emergence herbicide could be effective and economic to control weeds in NPST rice under rice-wheat system, but proper rate and time of application should strictly be followed.     

不同微喷弥雾调控方式下微气候因子对极端干旱区葡萄果实生长及糖度的影响

通过对极端干旱区葡萄在不同微喷弥雾调控方式（WP1,架上喷水1 h;WP2，架下喷水1 h；WP3，地上喷水1 h）下微气候因子与葡萄果实生长形态及糖度的监测，分析葡萄园微气候因子变化规律及其与葡萄果实生长形态和糖度的关系。结果显示：采用微喷弥雾调控可有效降低葡萄园温度和增加湿度，与CK处理（常规滴灌，不喷水）相比，白天平均温度低2.9℃~3.3℃，平均温度低2.5℃~2.9℃，夜晚平均湿度高4.7%~5.5%，同时可促进葡萄果实生长和糖度累积，WP1、WP2和WP3与CK处理相比，果粒纵茎高出2.88、1.76、0.9 mm，果粒横茎高出1.33、1.80、1.76 mm，果粒均重高出0.22、0.26、0.25 g，糖度分别高出7.75%、3.96%和5.53%。在葡萄果实生长发育过程中，白天平均温度和平均温度是影响葡萄纵径和横径的关键微气候因子，晚上平均湿度是影响葡萄果实重量和糖度的关键微气候因子，在白天平均温度为30.4℃~33.8℃、晚上平均湿度为49.5%~50.5%时接近葡萄果实纵径、横径和果粒均重拟合值最大值。根据其相互关系和建立的回归模型，得出可以用白天平均温度、平均温度和晚上平均湿度对该地区葡萄生长和糖度变化进行分析和预测。     

松阳县古松树的松材线虫病现状调查与分析

古松树是历史的见证,是文化的承载,其保护工作具有重要意义,但因松材线虫的传播侵染,其生存状况不容乐观。本研究以松阳古松树为对象,基于分子检测技术,对其松材线虫病现状进行了调查与分析。结果表明,有12个乡镇近60%的古松树均已感病,疫情较为严重,需及时开展抗病保护工作。     

嗜线虫致病杆菌抗菌代谢产物Xcn1的研究进展

Xenocoumacin1（Xcn1）是嗜线虫致病杆菌产生的一种水溶性小肽类抗菌化合物，对真菌和细菌具有广谱的抑菌活性，在农业病害防治中具有良好的开发和应用前景。本文综述了Xcn1化合物的合成和降解机制、合成调控机制、抗菌作用机制以及防控植物疫病的研究进展，并展望了高产Xcn1生产菌株的改良和产业化应用前景。     

农业劳动力转移的减贫效应分析——基于重庆涪陵的实践检验

【目的/意义】农业劳动力转移的减贫效应尚未得出一致结论,基于对重庆涪陵的实践分析,探讨通过做好政策保障以提升农业劳动力转移的减贫效应。【方法/过程】以涪陵区2004-2018年的农业劳动力转移的减贫相关数据为基础,通过运用多元回归法分析涪陵区农业劳动力转移的减贫效应。【结果/结论】结果显示:提升农业劳动生产率有利于增加农民的农业收入和非农收入;缩小城乡收入差距有利于农民减贫;提高人力资本密集度有利于增强农民的挣得能力。要提升农业劳动力转移的减贫效应,这就要求:促进农业转移人口的市民化,提升农业劳动力转移的减贫效应;提高乡村自治与贫困户自我发展能力,促进农业劳动力转移的减贫动力;完善社会扶贫协作联动机制,为农业劳动力转移提供制度保障。     

Application of imidacloprid controlled-release granules to enhance the utilization rate and control wheat aphid on winter wheat

During winter wheat production, aphids need to be controlled with pesticides for the entire growth period. Controlled-release technology has been regarded as an alternative method for the improvement of pesticide efficiency. This study investigated two types of imidacloprid controlled-release granule (CR-GR): 2% imidacloprid CR-GR and 0.2% imidacloprid pesticide-fertilizer controlled-release granule (PF-CR-GR) when wheat was sown in winter. The release performance, utilization rate, terminal residues in edible parts, control effect on aphids, and achieved winter wheat yield were evaluated for both laboratory experiments and field application. Imidacloprid PF-CR-GR released more quickly in aqueous medium than CR-GR because of its good water solubility. After CR-GR treatments, the concentrations in wheat roots and soil were similar throughout the entire sampling period, and the concentrations in shoots were about 10–20% of those in roots. Imidacloprid was better absorbed when CR-GR was used as root treatment, compared with foliar treatment. Field application showed that imidacloprid CR-GR and PF-CR-GR controlled aphids throughout the entire growth period of winter wheat and improved the wheat yield. These findings identified application of imidacloprid CR-GR and PF-CR-GR on winter wheat as an effective way to enhance the pesticide utilization rate and ensure adequate yield. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the scientific use of pesticides and guides scientific pesticide application.     

南充地区晚熟柑桔主要病虫害发生特点及综合防控措施

本文介绍了南充地区晚熟柑桔主要病虫害的种类及为害发生特点,并提出了相应的病虫害综合防控措施,保证晚熟柑桔的正常生长,以期为当地晚熟柑桔生产、种植户节本增收提供参考。